Similar to all popular programming languages, Python also has numerous BDD frameworks that we can choose from. Out of the lot, Pytest BDD and Behave are the most widely used BDD frameworks. Being a leading automation testing company, we have used both Pytest BDD and Behave in our automation testing projects based on business needs. We believe it is crucial for every tester to know how to implement a readable and business-friendly automation testing solution. So in this blog, we will be pitting Pytest BDD vs Behave to help you choose the right framework for your automation testing needs by comparing the two based on our real-world usage.
For those who are unfamiliar or new to Python and BDD, let’s have a small introduction for both before we start our Pytest BDD vs Behave comparison. If you are already familiar with them, feel free to head straight to the comparison.
BDD
Behavior-Driven Development (or BDD) is an agile software development technique that promotes collaboration not only between developers and testers; but also with non-technical or business stakeholders in a software project. BDD achieves this by following a simple Given, When, and Then format (Gherkin) to write test cases that anybody can understand. Before we head to the Pytest BDD vs Behave comparison, let’s take a look at the list of popular Python BDD frameworks available.
List of Python BDD Frameworks
1. Behave
2. Pytest BDD
3. radish
4. lettuce
5. freshen
Though there are even more Python BDD frameworks, these are the most well-known and widely used options. But it is important to note that not every BDD framework is for everyone. That is why we have picked out Pytest BDD and Behave for our comparison.
Python Behave
If you have prior experience in using a Cucumber BDD framework, you would find Behave to be similar in many ways. But even if you are starting afresh, Behave is quite easy to get started with. The primary reason for that is Behave’s great online documentation and the availability of easy tutorials. We will be covering a direct Pytest BDD vs Behave comparison once we explore the individual pros and cons of both these frameworks.
Pros
- Simple Setup: No need for explicit scenario declarations.
- Dynamic Arguments from Command Line: Allows passing custom arguments dynamically, making test execution more flexible.
- Better Feature File Organization: Feature files are automatically detected without extra setup.
- Scenario Outlines & Backgrounds: Helps in reusing test steps and making tests more maintainable.
- BehaveX for Parallel Execution: Although Behave doesn’t natively support parallel execution, BehaveX helps achieve this.
Cons
- No Built-in Parallel Execution: Unlike Pytest BDD, Behave requires additional tools for parallel test execution.
- Limited IDE Support: Fully supported only in PyCharm Professional.
- Limited Reporting: Supports Allure, JSON, and JUnit reports, but lacks HTML reports.
Related Blogs
Python Behave BDD Framework Overview
Getting Started with Lemoncheesecake and Behave BDD Framework
Pytest BDD
Pytest BDD implements a subset of the Gherkin language to enable project requirements testing and behavioural-driven development. Pytest fixtures written for unit tests can be reused for feature step setup and actions with dependency injection. This enables true BDD with just the right amount of requirement specifications without having to maintain any context object containing the side effects of Gherkin imperative declarations.
Let’s view the listed pros & cons of Pytest and then proceed to the tabular column where we compare Pytest BDD vs Behave.
Pros
- Fixture Support: Reuse Pytest fixtures for setup and teardown, reducing redundant code.
- Seamless Integration: Works flawlessly with Pytest and major Pytest plugins like pytest-catchlog (for logging) and pytest-vscodedebug (for debugging), making troubleshooting much easier.
- Rich Plugin Ecosystem: Pytest supports 800+ external plugins, offering great flexibility.
- Parallel Test Execution: Pytest BDD allows running tests in parallel, which significantly reduces test execution time.
- Supports Multiple Report Types: Generate HTML reports, Allure reports, and JUnit reports.
Cons
- Feature File Declaration: You need to explicitly declare feature files in step definition modules using @scenario or scenarios().
- Scenario Outline Parsing: Requires additional parsing steps for scenario outlines.
- Limited Community Support: Compared to Behave, fewer people use Pytest BDD, meaning finding solutions for niche issues can be more challenging.
Pytest BDD vs Behave: Key Differences
| Description | Pytest Bdd | Python Behave |
|---|---|---|
| Pricing | Free and Open Source | Free and Open Source |
| Project Structure | [project root directory] |‐‐ [product code packages] |– [test directories] | |– features | | `– *.feature | `– step_defs | |– __init__.py | |– conftest.py | `– test_*.py `– [pytest.ini|tox.ini|setup.cfg] | [project root directory] |‐‐ [product code packages] |– features | |– environment.py | |– *.feature | `– steps | `– *_steps.py `– [behave.ini|.behaverc|tox.ini|setup.cfg] |
| Step Definition naming Syntax | Step definition file name should be Prefixed or Suffixed with the word test Example:test_filename.py | File name can be anything with the .py extension |
| Test directory naming Syntax | Test directory should be named as ‘tests’ | Test directory should be named as ‘features’ |
| IDE Support | Supports only the Professional edition of Pycharm, Visual Studio Code and etc | Supports in Pycharm Professional Edition only. Visual Studio Code and etc |
| Reports | Pytest Bdd Supports 1.HTML Report 2.Allure Report(Installed as a Separate Plugin) It doesn’t support Extent report. | Behave Supports 1. Allure Report 2. Output JSON Report 3. Junit Report It doesn’t support both HTML & Extent reports. |
| Parallel Execution | It supports Parallel Execution | It doesn’t support Parallel Execution |
| TestRunner | Pytest (Installed as a Separate Plugin) | Behave (Inbuilt Test Runner) |
| Support and Community | Good | Good |
| Test Launch | Tests are launched by specific step definition files Eg: pytest -k your step_definition.py file | Tests are launched by specific feature files Eg: behave features/your feature.feature file |
| Run by Tag | Run the test file by using the keyword -m Eg: pytest -m @yourTag | Run the test file by using the keyword –tags Eg: behave –tags @yourTag |
| Parsers | Scenario Outline steps should be parsed separately | No need to parse the scenario outline steps |
| Explicit Declaration | Feature file should be explicitly declared on step definition via scenarios function | Not needed to explicitly declare the feature file in step definition |
Pytest BDD vs Behave: Best Use Cases
Pytest BDD
Parallel Execution – Behave has no in-built features that made it possible to run the tests in parallel. Likewise, the once popular framework behave-parallel, which made it easier to run tests in parallel on Python behave, has been retired. So if parallel test execution is an important factor, Pytest will definitely be the better choice.
Pytest BDD allows for the unification of unit and functional tests. It also reduces the burden of continuous integration server configuration and the reuse of test setups.
HTML Reports – Behave doesn’t support HTML reports, and if that is one of your requirements, then you’ll have to pick Pytest BDD. Pytest BDD also has support for Allure reports which is also another widely used type.
Behave
Ease of Use – As seen in the Pytest BDD vs Behave comparison table, the step definition naming is much easier in Behave as Pytest requires a defined prefix or suffix. As additional code is required for declaring scenarios, implementing scenario outlines, and sharing steps in Pytest BDD, Behave in general is easier to use. It is also easier to setup as it has an inbuilt test runner.
The terminal log will be more elaborate in Behave when compared to Pytest. The reason for that is Behave runs the test with feature files that are written in the Given When & Then format. So you can easily identify where the error is.
Conclusion
So it is evident that both Pytest BDD and Behave have their own pros and cons. So based on your automation testing needs, you can use our Pytest BDD vs Behave comparison table and recommendations to make a well-educated decision. Being a test automation service provider, we have predominantly used Pytest BDD in many of our projects. If you could work around Pytest BDD’s complexity, it is a great option. If not, Behave could be a great alternative that you can choose.
Frequently Asked Questions
- Which BDD framework is best for beginners?
Behave is often preferred by beginners due to its simple Given-When-Then structure, making it easier to write and understand test cases.
- Which framework has better community support, Pytest BDD or Behave?
Behave has a larger community and more readily available solutions, while Pytest BDD, being an extension of Pytest, benefits from Pytest’s extensive plugin ecosystem.
- How do I decide between Pytest BDD and Behave for my project?
If you need robust automation with parallel execution and integration with Pytest, choose Pytest BDD. If you require a business-friendly, easy-to-read framework, go with Behave.
- Does Pytest BDD support parallel execution?
Yes, Pytest BDD natively supports parallel execution, making it a good choice for large test suites. Behave, on the other hand, requires additional tools like BehaveX for parallel execution.
- Which is better for BDD testing in Python: Pytest BDD or Behave?
It depends on your needs. Pytest BDD is better for automation testers who prefer Pytest’s powerful features like parallel execution and extensive reporting. Behave is ideal for teams that prioritize business-readable tests and collaboration with non-technical stakeholders.
Comments(0)